Packet #2351438 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from ipoac.nl base (ipob) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	2351438
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x3085b9da` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-08-14 03:26:21 UTC
From Node:	ipoac.nl base (ipob)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	EH14 - Malden (EH14)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-121 dBm
SNR:	-19.75 dBm
Hop Info:	5/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 2

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!a0cb4f90
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	5 / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!a0cb4f90` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`2688087764` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`5` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-121.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-19.75` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1755134781` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`252` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1755134781.5897646` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (5 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!a0cb4f90`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -121.0 dBm SNR: -19.75 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!a0cb4f90", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2688087764, "to": 4294967295, "id": 814070234, "rx_time": 1755134781, "rx_snr": -19.75, "rx_rssi": -121, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 252, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
EH14 - Malden (EH14) Primary	0.000s Reference	-121.0 dBm	-19.75 dB	5	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:21	Current
Jan_868_02 (Jn_2)	-9.533s Before	-93.0 dBm	-3.00 dB	0	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:12	View
KING BASE (K03H)	-9.268s Before	-119.0 dBm	-7.50 dB	0	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:12	View
Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi)	-7.582s Before	-103.0 dBm	-10.00 dB	1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:14	View
STKn Naar Internet ( Mr_T ) (N=i)	-7.298s Before	-51.0 dBm	6.50 dB	1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:14	View
Dares R01 #1 (WV_1)	-7.294s Before	-98.0 dBm	-7.00 dB	1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:14	View
GoldKDeck (GDec)	-6.387s Before	-26.0 dBm	5.75 dB	2	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:15	View
GartenFunk (GF00)	-5.758s Before	-76.0 dBm	6.50 dB	1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:15	View
Meshtastic bb5c (bb5c)	-4.733s Before	-123.0 dBm	-12.00 dB	1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:16	View
Tolkamer 93b4 (Erdw)	-3.516s Before	-124.0 dBm	-16.50 dB	2	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:18	View
Afrithon (afrt)	-0.004s Before	-113.0 dBm	-19.25 dB	5	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:21	View
WatskeBase 🗼🔌 (2.6.11) (WaBB)	+0.261s After	-128.0 dBm	-19.75 dB	5	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:21	View
No13 Oirschot (OIR1)	+0.266s After	-115.0 dBm	-5.25 dB	5	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:21	View
PA3JH 🗼 (2.7.3) (3JH2)	+0.275s After	-105.0 dBm	-10.50 dB	5	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:21	View
MT Node Pey (PEY)	+2.661s After	-120.0 dBm	-13.50 dB	7	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:24	View
MeshNet (GS-D)	+9.590s After	Unknown	Unknown	7	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:31	View
MeshNet (GS-D)	+9.595s After	Unknown	Unknown	7	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:31	View
MeshNet.NL (GS0D)	+9.723s After	-118.0 dBm	-7.75 dB	6	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:31	View
MeshNet.NL (GS0D)	+9.727s After	-118.0 dBm	-7.75 dB	6	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:26:31	View
Kiep (KIEP)	+230.617s After	-128.0 dBm	-20.25 dB	-1	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:30:12	View
Hendrik ido ambacht 3 (Hia3)	+230.635s After	-135.0 dBm	-11.75 dB	7	LongFast	2025-08-14 03:30:12	View
Afrithon (afrt)	+2247.836s After	-112.0 dBm	-14.25 dB	7	LongFast	2025-08-14 04:03:49	View

22

Total Receptions

19

Unique Gateways