Packet #2194582 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi) to !ffffffff

21
Total Receptions
21
Unique Gateways
3
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2194582
Mesh Packet ID: 0x60fcf5b6
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2025-08-13 03:05:49 UTC
From Node: Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: Leimuiden - Bas (LMDN)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -125 dBm
SNR: -16.25 dBm
Hop Info: 3/7 hops
Start: 7, Limit: 4
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!ea8f2b5c
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:3 / 7
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !ea8f2b5c
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 2733355020
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum 65
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 4
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 7
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 3
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -125.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -16.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1755047149
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node Not set uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1755047149.9755716
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !ea8f2b5c
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -125.0 dBm
SNR: -16.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!ea8f2b5c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2733355020, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1627190710, "rx_time": 1755047149, "rx_snr": -16.25, "rx_rssi": -125, "hop_limit": 4, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 0, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Channel Timestamp Actions
Leimuiden - Bas (LMDN) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-125.0 dBm -16.25 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:49 Current
Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi) -5.814s
Before 		Unknown Unknown 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:44 View
WST Sneek (WSTS) -4.837s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -14.25 dB 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:45 View
WST Drachten 2 (WST2) -4.703s
Before 		-120.0 dBm -10.00 dB 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:45 View
GrouMesh (GROU) -3.785s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -13.25 dB 1 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:46 View
NL.ASS1.Meshtastic.ea74 (ASS1) -3.494s
Before 		-94.0 dBm 10.50 dB 1 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:46 View
Destiny Long 🏠🔌🌐🛰️ (Long) -2.467s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -3.00 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:47 View
MeshingD (MSHD) -2.334s
Before 		-72.0 dBm 6.25 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:47 View
PE1RWP (1RWP) -0.900s
Before 		-122.0 dBm -13.00 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:49 View
Bastiaan home (BB34) +0.156s
After 		-115.0 dBm -4.75 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:50 View
WST Drachten 1 (WST1) +1.249s
After 		-92.0 dBm 2.25 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:51 View
Ams Zuidas Base (AZ4) +2.084s
After 		-111.0 dBm -11.25 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:52 View
Cornerstone (Amsterdam NL) (Crnr) +4.069s
After 		-85.0 dBm 5.25 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:54 View
HolRad (HlRd) +4.248s
After 		-125.0 dBm -17.00 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:54 View
Wateringweg, Haarlem (WaHa) +5.866s
After 		-92.0 dBm 5.00 dB 5 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:55 View
HLM Raaks Base 🏡🛜 (HLR1) +6.851s
After 		-119.0 dBm -10.50 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:56 View
NL-3545-Knalliebar (KNB0) +7.562s
After 		-107.0 dBm 4.25 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:57 View
PE1NTN-3 (NTN3) +8.597s
After 		-31.0 dBm 6.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
Xebia 🌐🔌 Hilversum Bridge (XHB) +8.864s
After 		-85.0 dBm 11.75 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
PD0WES-Louis-3543 (PL43) +8.997s
After 		-91.0 dBm -0.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
Meshtastic 5578 (5578) +10.396s
After 		-136.0 dBm -14.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:06:00 View
21

Total Receptions

21

Unique Gateways