Packet #2194602 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi) to !ffffffff

21
Total Receptions
21
Unique Gateways
6
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2194602
Mesh Packet ID: 0x60fcf5b6
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2025-08-13 03:05:57 UTC
From Node: Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: NL-3545-Knalliebar (KNB0)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -107 dBm
SNR: 4.25 dBm
Hop Info: 6/7 hops
Start: 7, Limit: 1
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!da5ed4d0
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:6 / 7
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !da5ed4d0
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 2733355020
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum 65
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 7
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 6
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -107.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 4.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1755047155
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node Not set uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1755047157.537936
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (6 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !da5ed4d0
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -107.0 dBm
SNR: 4.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!da5ed4d0", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2733355020, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1627190710, "rx_time": 1755047155, "rx_snr": 4.25, "rx_rssi": -107, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 0, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Channel Timestamp Actions
NL-3545-Knalliebar (KNB0) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-107.0 dBm 4.25 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:57 Current
Mussel iGate 🌐 NL_Noord (MUSi) -13.376s
Before 		Unknown Unknown 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:44 View
WST Sneek (WSTS) -12.399s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -14.25 dB 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:45 View
WST Drachten 2 (WST2) -12.265s
Before 		-120.0 dBm -10.00 dB 0 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:45 View
GrouMesh (GROU) -11.347s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -13.25 dB 1 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:46 View
NL.ASS1.Meshtastic.ea74 (ASS1) -11.056s
Before 		-94.0 dBm 10.50 dB 1 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:46 View
Destiny Long 🏠🔌🌐🛰️ (Long) -10.030s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -3.00 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:47 View
MeshingD (MSHD) -9.896s
Before 		-72.0 dBm 6.25 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:47 View
PE1RWP (1RWP) -8.462s
Before 		-122.0 dBm -13.00 dB 2 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:49 View
Leimuiden - Bas (LMDN) -7.562s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -16.25 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:49 View
Bastiaan home (BB34) -7.406s
Before 		-115.0 dBm -4.75 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:50 View
WST Drachten 1 (WST1) -6.314s
Before 		-92.0 dBm 2.25 dB 3 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:51 View
Ams Zuidas Base (AZ4) -5.478s
Before 		-111.0 dBm -11.25 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:52 View
Cornerstone (Amsterdam NL) (Crnr) -3.493s
Before 		-85.0 dBm 5.25 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:54 View
HolRad (HlRd) -3.314s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -17.00 dB 4 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:54 View
Wateringweg, Haarlem (WaHa) -1.696s
Before 		-92.0 dBm 5.00 dB 5 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:55 View
HLM Raaks Base 🏡🛜 (HLR1) -0.712s
Before 		-119.0 dBm -10.50 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:56 View
PE1NTN-3 (NTN3) +1.035s
After 		-31.0 dBm 6.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
Xebia 🌐🔌 Hilversum Bridge (XHB) +1.301s
After 		-85.0 dBm 11.75 dB 6 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
PD0WES-Louis-3543 (PL43) +1.435s
After 		-91.0 dBm -0.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:05:58 View
Meshtastic 5578 (5578) +2.834s
After 		-136.0 dBm -14.25 dB 7 LongFast 2025-08-13 03:06:00 View
21

Total Receptions

21

Unique Gateways